Discussion Response Unit2Lifespan

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Discussion Response Unit 2 Lifespan

Response Guidelines

Your responses to other learners are expected to be substantive in nature and to reference the assigned readings, as well as other theoretical, empirical, or professional literature to support your views and writings. Use the following critique guidelines:

  • The clarity and completeness of your peer’s post.
  • The demonstrated ability to apply theory to practice.
  • The credibility of the references.
  • The structure and style of the written post.

Peer discussion 1

During pregnancy and throughout one’s lifespan eating a well-balanced diet is expected for good health and wellbeing. Studies have shown that food provides the body with the minerals, protein, vitamins, essential fats, and energy to be able to live, grow and function properly. According to Broderick & Blewitt (2014) “when food sources are short on protein or essential vitamins and minerals during prenatal and early postnatal development, an infant’s physical, socioemotional, and intellectual development can be compromised, and epigenetic alterations seem to be at the root of these developmental problems.” (p. 55). Many of the effects of prenatal malnutrition are permanent, though some degree of improvement may be produced by exposure to stimulating and enriched environments.

Therefore, studies has confirmed that poor nutrition has the potential to damage fetal organs particularly the brain that can cause developmental issues far after birth.  Morgane P, et al, (1993) “Prenatal protein malnutrition adversely affects the developing brain in numerous ways, depending largely on its timing in relation to various developmental events in the brain and, to a lesser extent, on the type and severity of the deprivation.” For example, being a mother of three I have read that during the third trimester of pregnancy the brain is developing rapidly and begins to function a full capacity after delivery. Also, the brain gradually matures in the first few years of life with the help of environmental influences.

The benefits of proper nutrition during pregnancy helps in insuring fetal cell growth, tissue and DNA development. Having said that, there is an increase of children being diagnose with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Although there is no known cause for ASD, but both genetics and environment are believed to play a role. What is known is that ASD is a complex developmental and neurological condition that typically appears during the first three years of life. It affects brain function, particularly in the areas of social interaction and communication skills. My colleagues and I have discussed on several occasions students in our classroom that have been misdiagnose and clearly show signs of ASD. Looking at the demographics of the area where I teach many of the parents of these students are can’t afford adequate health care because of minimum wage jobs. Therefore, in those instances expected mothers would rather feed their families and then receive the much needed prenatal care. So, as educators, we sum the conclusion up to lack of prenatal attention. On a positive note, today there’s evidence showing how nutrition can play a significant role in managing various symptoms that prevent ASD patients from living productively.

Reference:

Broderick, P. C., Blewitt, P. (01/2014). Life Span, The: Human Development for Helping Professionals, 4th Edition. [Bookshelf Online]. Retrieved from https://online.vitalsource.com

Morgame PJ., Austin R., Bronzino J., Diaz-Cintra S., Cintra L., Kemper T., Galler JR. Parental malnutrition and development of the brain. Neuroscience Bio-Behavioral, Rev. 1993.Spring; 17(1): 91-128.

Peer Discussion 2

Teratogens are environmental factors that can affect the genes in the developing fetus.  According to Broderick and Blewitt (2014) “The first principale is that the kind o damage done is related to the stage of development  during which the mother is exposed to the teratogen.”  Substances such as smoking during the pregnancy can cause low birth weight, breathing problems, and prematurity (Broderick and Blewitt; 2014).  Cognitive functioning can be damaged is the mother consumes alcohol, uses cocaine or even smokes small amounts of marijuana during the time that the fetus is developing.   Along with the greater chance of lowering cognitive ability, deformities can occur, such as face and teeth structure, diminutive height, and deformities of the internal organs.

Nutrition during pregnancy as well as the first twelve months after birth are important in maintaining normal growth while in the womb and in the first year of life. Per Li et. al.  (2016) ” Malnutrition alters intelligence by interfering with the child’s energy level, rate of motor development, and overall health.”  Not eating correctly while pregnant can affect the cognition in the developing fetus by not transferring enough nutrients through the umbilical cord.  This can also interfere with neurological abilities.  When their is sufficient nutrition both prenatal and after birth the risk of malnutrition, cognitive function and deformaties is lessoned.  This does not guarantee that the fetus or newborn will be free of complications, which can be related to epigentics, but it does minimize the risk.

Per Broderick and Blewitt (2014) “The hippocampus, are critical for learning and memory formation.” During stressful situations while in utero as well as neglect, including little to no physical or linguistics contact with caregivers, can cause creation of new neurons to form or current neurons to shrink.  This can lead to weakened cognitive responses. The damage can be irriversable.

References

Broderick, P. C., Blewitt, P. (01/2014). Life Span, The: Human Development for Helping Professionals, 4th Edition. [Bookshelf Online]. Retrieved from https://bookshelf.vitalsource.com/#/books/9781269907422/

Li, C., Zhu, N., Zeng, L., Dang, S., Zhou, J., & Yan, H. (2016). Effect of prenatal and postnatal malnutrition on intellectual functioning in early school-aged children in rural western China. Medicine, 95(31), e4161.

http://doi.org.library.capella.edu/10.1097/MD.0000000000004161

 
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Case Study 3

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Case

Sometimes It Works, Sometimes It Doesn’t

Jim Beaufort was appointed as the administrator of Marshall Nursing Center, a 230-bed skilled nursing facility located in a large metropolitan area. The facility’s occupancy rate had gradually declined from 82% (188 residents) a year ago to 74% (170 residents). Three months ago when Jim was hired for the job, the company’s vice president of operations, Ronald Ortner, was upfront about the declining census. Ortner was particularly impressed with Jim’s business degree in marketing, and how Jim had enthusiastically talked about using a “mystery shopper”* to get information on the competitors of a nursing home he had previously managed. Jim knew that his work was cut out for him. When offering the job, Ortner had said, “I am giving you a 20% raise over what you were making at your old job; I want this facility turned around in a year’s time.” To that Jim had confidently responded, “Oh, you will see a trend change much before that.”

Jim spent the first 3 months on the job getting to know the staff, residents, and some of the family members. He made written notes on some of his observations:

  • The certification survey 6 months ago was satisfactory. There were no serious deficiencies.
  • Some issues with building cleanliness have been addressed with the housekeeping supervisor.
  • Department head meetings had been sparse and irregular.
  • Food was the most common complaint from residents and family members, but so it is at every other facility.
  • The licensed nursing staff is stable, but high turnover of certified nursing assistants creates some staffing shortages. Overtime is high, and the director of nursing says that there is some burnout among both nurses and CNAs.
  • The facility’s expenses are below budget; the previous administrator must have been a “penny pincher.”
  • Patients are scattered throughout the building. Many of them are occupying private rooms, whereas Medicaid pays only for semiprivate accommodations.

Jim thinks that he has just 9 months left to increase the census and keep his job. So, he embarks on formulating a marketing plan:

  • Free up as many patient rooms as possible in one section of the building by moving patients to other occupied parts of the facility. Start an adult day care center by using some of the empty rooms.
  • Hire one additional RN and one LPN to alleviate the feelings of burnout among the staff. Start a CNA training program at the facility.
  • Send a mystery shopper to the three main competitors to evaluate how they handle the inquiry process. Have the mystery shopper evaluate Marshall’s inquiry process as well. Improve the admission coordinator’s personal selling skills.
  • Purchase advertising at the local newspaper, radio station, and TV station that would say:

Marshall Nursing Center has excelled in providing high-quality nursing and rehabilitation care in this community for more than 20 years. Our staff’s caring is like a healing touch. We are accepting new patients. Bring your loved one here and see the results for yourself.

“That will get people’s attention,” Jim thought to himself.

  • Discard the black and white brochures and replace them with a four-color brochure with some pictures and the same message used in advertising. Place these brochures in hospital waiting rooms and doctors’ clinics.
  • Invite the hospital’s discharge planners to dinner at a fine restaurant. Explain to them the facility’s new marketing plan and ask for their help in referring patients.
  • While the marketing plan is being implemented, Jim will personally handle all preadmission inquiries, using the admission’s coordinator for backup.

Jim was confident that in another 6 months the facility’s census would start turning around, but it only deteriorated further. Frustrated, he starts looking for another job. Sitting in his office, he moans, “Marketing is just a theory: sometimes it works, sometimes it doesn’t.”

* A mystery shopper, also referred to as a “secret shopper,” is a marketing professional who specializes in visiting and evaluating business practices, posing as a potential client.

Questions

1.  How should Jim have handled his job interview with regard to the declining census?

2.  Do you agree with Jim’s statement: Marketing is just a theory: sometimes it works, sometimes it doesn’t? Explain why marketing may not work.

3.  Evaluate Jim’s marketing plan. What main improvements would you make?

4.  Critically evaluate the promotional message

 
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Essay About Personal Health

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Instruction:

 Please CHOOSE ONE of the two prompt options provided below, and write a 2-3

page (double spaced) narrative response. Be sure to address every point within the

prompt of your choice.

 Submit completed assignment via Canvas Assignments, as DOC, DOCX, PDF, or

RTF file attachments.

Prompts:

Option #1: Recommended after Lecture 6

Suppose that the Butler County School District wants to hire you to create and

implement a health promotion program. Specifically, they would like to have a

health education program (like D.A.R.E.) that will teach students about

dangers of illegal drug use, so that students who currently use them would

learn to stop.

a) What are the steps you’re likely to take to create and implement such

program? (HINT: see five steps of the Generalized Model)

b) What would you do (or not do), if your needs assessment data shows that

the school district has very little problem with drug use, but has very big

problem with sexually transmitted disease?

c) For now, let’s assume that drug use is a big concern for the school district,

and you’ve created a health education program about illegal drug use, as

requested. Before full implementation, you’ve conducted a pilot test for 20

students to see if your program is effective. Pilot test showed that your

education program is ineffective at changing students who already use

drugs. Worse, it looks like some students that never used drug before are

now showing signs that they want to try those drugs you mentioned in the

program. What would you do (or not do)?

Option #2: Recommended after Lecture 7

Behavior change is difficult – just think about how many people make New

Year’s resolution, and how many people fail at it. Understanding the

relationship between behavior and behavioral determinant can help us assess

our own behavior, and perhaps have us succeed with our New Year’s

resolution.

a) Think of one behavior that you want to change by the end of this year.

What is the behavior? (This should be your own behavior; this may or may

not be related to health, but make sure that it is something that can be

measured and/or observed)

b) What would be one determinant related to that behavior (i.e., what is

something that causes and/or influences this behavior)?

c) Would you try to affect the behavior, or the determinant? Why?

d) Let’s suppose that there are thousands of people just like you, and they all

want to change this behavior. What do you think is the most effective way

to help everyone change this behavior? (Perhaps coming up with a law?

Education program?)

 
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identifying dependent variables, express null hypothesis

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Question description

Due Week 10 and worth 150 points

Begin this project by reading the article titled “The Role of Nurses in the Sexual Counseling of Patients after Myocardial Infarction”, located at http://www.hsj.gr/medicine/the-role-of-nurses-in-the-sexual-counseling-of-patients-after-myocardial-infarction.pdf. The authors examined the role of nursing in sexual counseling of myocardial patients. They also examined professional nurses and collected data about their gender, age, education, unit of employment, and experience in cardiac clinics. They then compared the knowledge and comfort level that nurses had with regard to sexual counseling.

Address each of the following six (6) items. Answer each item in one (1) or more complete sentences. Each item is worth twenty five (25) points:

  1. Identify the dependent variables from the study.
  2. If the knowledge is measured by the score in points that the nurse receives on a test, determine the type of variable (e.g., quantitative, qualitative, continuous, categorical, etc.) and the level of measurement. Explain your answer.
  3. If these researchers conducted surveys at a nursing conference, determine the type of sample and explain how this affects generalizability of the results.
  4. Express a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis for this study. Explain your rationale.
  5. Provide your conclusion from the following data. Explain your response.

The study has an alpha of 0.05 and a power of 80%. The researchers found a relationship between the unit that the nurses worked on and the knowledge scores with a p-value of 0.01.

  1. Provide your conclusion about the comfort level of nurses from different units if they found a p-value of 0.17 when comparing nurses from different units. Explain your response. Estimate the range of the F-value if they found p > 0.17 when comparing nurses from different units and their comfort level. Explain your response.

The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:

  • Correctly interpret and use the results of one-way, factorial and repeated-measures ANOVA.
  • Apply descriptive and inferential statistics to problems in evidence-based nursing.
  • Use technology and information resources to research issues in statistical concepts for healthcare.
  • Write clearly and concisely about statistical concepts for healthcare using proper writing mechanics.
 
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One of the historical experiments that was instrumental in shaping the future of ethics and regulations in research is the famously known Tuskegee experiment which was conducted without the participants giving their informed consent to participate in the study and the researchers did not inform the participants the risks and benefits of participation and the reason behind conducting the research

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Ar……

One of the historical experiments that was instrumental in shaping the future of ethics and regulations in research is the famously known Tuskegee experiment which was conducted without the participants giving their informed consent to participate in the study and the researchers did not inform the participants the risks and benefits of participation and the reason behind conducting the research. The Tuskegee Institute together with the Public Health Service started the study in 1932 with the aim of finding out the history of syphilis among the black men hoping that they would start treatment programs. 600 men participated in the study. 399 of the men had syphilis while 201 men did not have syphilis. The researchers were lying to the men that they were treating them for having bad blood which was a term that was used to refer to long term illnesses associated with fatigue, anemia and syphilis. This study was supposed to run for 6 months but it continued up to 40 years (Center for Disease Control, 2017).

The participants were compensated with free medical examinations, meals and burial insurance. What went wrong with the study was discovered 40 years later after a press story lead to public outcry and a review of the study was done by a panel of 9 members. The panel found out that there was no evidence to show that the men had been informed about the study and its main purpose and no facts were provided to them at all. They agreed to be examined and treated freely. Still, in 1947, after penicillin was found to be a cure for syphilis, the men were never treated using penicillin neither were they given the chance to quit from participating in the study. The study ended in 1972 and in 1973 a lawsuit was filed on behalf of the involved participants and the government promised that it would give lifetime medical benefits to all those who survived, their wives and offspring’s and they would also offer burial services to them. On 16th May 1997, the Presidential apology was given by President Clinton on behalf of the nation and in 2001 the Presidential Council on Bioethics was established. The last person to receive these benefits was a widow who died on 27th January 2009 (“Tuskegee Syphilis Study and Its Implications for the 21st Century,” 2015).

Gallagher (2014) suggests that to make the study ethical and valid, the participants were supposed to be informed about the objective behind their required participation in the study and in case they never wanted to participate, they should not be coerced into the study. Secondly, the participants were supposed to be treated using penicillin which was discovered to cure syphilis in 1947 and this would have reduced the deaths. More so, there were no records on the number of deaths that resulted from the study. The researchers were supposed to have followed up on the participants and keep records whether they died from syphilis. In a nutshell, the study violated the rights of the participants by keeping them on the dark on what was happening.

 
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Create a visually engaging 10- to 12-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation on one of the case studies (found down below) that includes the following: Describe the ethical dilemma(s)

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Create a visually engaging 10- to 12-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation on one of the case studies (found down below) that includes the following:

  • Describe the ethical dilemma(s) in the case study.
  • Identify challenges to effective communication in the case study.
  • Describe how you would ethically communicate with this offender’s family members regarding the issue.

Include a minimum of two sources, at least one of which is learning material from the course.

Format any citations in your presentation consistent with APA guidelines.

Please select one of the case studies below for use in the course during Week 4 and Week 5

Case Study #1

You are a mental health professional in a prison. During a counseling session, an offender informs you that an inmate is planning to “take down” another inmate because of an ongoing disagreement that has included serious physical altercations in the past. You have reason to believe that your client is telling the truth and has no ulterior motives for sharing this information.  Your client’s spouse has also left you a message regarding the issue and is requesting a call back.

Case Study #2

You are a mental health professional in a correctional setting. You are treating an offender who voluntarily sought treatment for past trauma related to domestic violence and sexual assault. She informs you that there is an ongoing investigation against the perpetrator, who is her ex-boyfriend. She is afraid to testify and/or provide information against him but has shared information with you during sessions. You are contacted by the prosecutor for information regarding the case and have a full release of information signed by your client.  Your client’s sister has also left you a message regarding the issue and is requesting a call back.

 
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Measuring Quality Guidelines And Grading Rubric

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Measuring Quality Guidelines and Grading Rubric

In an 8 to 10-page paper, APA format and 5 references, describe three rate based measurements of quality.

Select three rate based measurements of quality that you will use as the primary basis for this paper.

These measurements must relate to some aspect of clinical or service quality that directly relates to patient care or the patient’s experience of care.  For the purposes of this assignment, an analysis of staffing levels is not permitted.  You can find useful information on quality indicators that are of interest to you on these websites and resources.  You may choose only one of the three measures to be some form of patient satisfaction measure.

Deconstruct each measure to include descriptions of the each of the following as numbered below:

1) The definition of the measure

2) The numerical description of how the measurement is constructed (the numerator/denominator measure counts, the formula used to construct the rate, etc.)

3) Explain how the data for this measure are collected

4) Describe how the measurement is compared externally to other like settings; differentiate between the actual rate and a percentile ranking.

5) Explain whether the measure is risk adjusted or not.  If so, explain briefly how this is accomplished.

6) Describe how goals might be set for each measure in an aggressive organization, which is seeking to excel in the marketplace.

Describe the importance of each measure to a chosen clinical organization and setting.

Using these websites and resources you can choose a hospital, a nursing home, a home health agency, a dialysis center, a health plan, an outpatient clinic or private office; a total population of patient types is also acceptable, but please be specific as to the setting. That is, if you are interested in patients with chronic illness across the continuum of care, you might home in a particular health plan, a multispecialty practice setting or a healthcare organization with both inpatient and outpatient/clinic settings. Faculty appointments and academic settings are not permitted for this exercise. For all other settings, consult the instructor for guidance. You do not need actual data from a given organization to complete this assignment.

Relate each measure to patient safety, to the cost of poor quality, and to the overall cost of healthcare.

Required Readings

Joshi, M.S., Ransom, E.R., Nash, D.B., & Ransom, S.B., (Eds.). (2014). The Healthcare Quality Book, 3rd ed. Chicago, IL: Health Administration Press.

Chapter 5: “Data Collection”

Chapter 6: “Statistical Tools for QI”

Park, J., Konetzka, R. T., & Werner, R. M. (2011). Performing well on nursing home report cards: Does it pay off? Health Services Research, 46(2), 531–554. doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2010.01197.x

  1. The study in this article evaluates whether or not nursing homes benefit from improvements in quality measures. Four financial outcomes are measured before and after the improvements are enacted. The study shows that the nursing homes that improved quality measures benefited financially.

Suchy, K. (2010). A lack of standardization: The basis for the ethical issues surrounding quality and performance reports. Journal of Healthcare Management, 55(4), 241–251.

Because performance reports are easily found online, this article supports creating ethical guidelines for the performance reports of the health care industry. It compares nearly ten different organizations that provide performance reporting, and then it proposes an ethical framework and principles for public quality reporting.

Wachter, R. M., & Pronovost, P. J. (2009). Balancing “no blame” with accountability in patient safety. New England Journal of Medicine, 361(14), 1401–1406.

This article addresses the issue of individual accountability in health care organizations. It suggests moving from a culture within health care that does not place blame on individuals to a culture where individuals become more accountable.

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. (n.d.). Quality initiatives: Overview. Retrieved from http://www.cms.gov/QualityInitiativesGenInfo/

Created by the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, this website overviews quality initiatives that affect the health care industry. It also provides information and downloadable PDFs on the Post-Acute Care Reform Plan and Development of Quality Indicators for Impatient Rehabilitation Facilities (IRF).

Required Media

Video: Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2011). Organizational and systems leadership for quality improvement: External quality improvement. Baltimore: Author.

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 10 minutes.

The presenters in this video discuss various external organizations involved in quality, and examine the enforcement of standards by governmental agencies versus voluntary organizations. This program also addresses the publication of quality information and why organizations should do their own reporting in addition to mandated reporting. Licensing, credentialing, and certification are discussed as they relate to the social compact that health care providers have for quality and safety.

 
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Epidemiology And Population Health

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Epidemiology and Population Health

Reflect on your nursing practice for a moment. If you could wipe out one illness, what would it be? How would that impact not just an individual patient, but your entire patient population? What would be the long-term benefits of eliminating that one illness?

The eradication of smallpox by 1979 provides an excellent example of this scenario. This eradication came about as a result of global collaborative efforts involving many countries and organizations, as well as the application of epidemiologic methods. In spite of high initial financial costs, it is estimated that millions of dollars continue to be saved around the world each year as a result of the eradication of this disease.

The eradication of smallpox illustrates the rich history of epidemiology and demonstrates the cost/benefits and implications of improving health at the population level. The application of epidemiologic methods and principles to other critical population health issues continues to play an essential role in improving health and health outcomes.

For this Discussion, you will identify a current population health problem, and you will examine how, and if, the problem is being addressed through the application of epidemiologic principles. You will also discuss the cost-effectiveness of dealing with the problem at the population level.

To prepare:

  • Review      the Learning Resources, focusing on the smallpox epidemic of the 1960s and      1970s and how health organizations applied principles of epidemiology to      eradicate this disease. (See attached file)
  • In      light of this example, consider the cost effectiveness of addressing      smallpox at the population level.
  • Using      the Learning Resources, research a current population health problem      (local or global). Select one on which to focus for this Discussion.
  • Think      about how principles of epidemiology are being applied—or could be      applied—to address the problem.
  • What      lessons from the use of epidemiology in the eradication of smallpox might      be applicable to this selected problem? What are the financial benefits of      addressing this issue at the population level as opposed to the individual      level?

By tomorrow Wednesday 02/28/18 by 12pm, write a minimum of 550 words in APA format with a minimum of THREE scholarly references from the list of required readings below. Include the level one headers as numbered below:

Post a cohesive response that addresses the following:

1) Briefly summarize your selected population health problem and describe how principles of epidemiology are being applied—or could be applied—to address the problem.

2) Are there any lessons learned from the use of epidemiology in the eradication of smallpox that can be applied to your selected problem?

3) Evaluate the cost effectiveness of addressing this health problem at the population level versus the individual level.

Required Readings

Friis, R. H., & Sellers, T. A. (2014). Epidemiology for public health practice (5th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

Chapter 1, “History and Scope of Epidemiology”

Chapter 2, “Practical Applications of Epidemiology” (pages 49–80 only)

Epidemiology is defined and introduced in Chapter 1. This chapter also presents an interesting historical overview that explains the emergence of the field. The assigned section of Chapter 2 addresses several uses of epidemiology.

Nash, D. B., Fabius, R. J., Skoufalos, A., Clarke, J. L. & Horowitz, M. R. (2016). Population health: Creating a culture of wellness (2nd ed). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Building Cultures of Health and Wellness (xxvii)

In the “Population Health Mandate” section of the course text, the authors provide an introduction to population health, noting that it has three core components: health outcomes, health

determinants, and policies.

Chapter 2, “The Spectrum of Care”

In Chapter 2, the authors examine the purposes of the population health approach. Two key themes are introduced in this chapter: 1) population health as it relates to the challenges of quality and cost in health care, and 2) population health as an approach to not only reducing the burden of chronic illness but also to promoting wellness and increasing prevention.

Chapter 8, “Behavioral Economics”

In Chapter 8, the authors examine effect of social and cognitive function on an individual’s economic decisions. Reinforced by legislation, behavioral economics can be applied in population health to influence and change health outcomes. Compelling examples of incremental improvements (e.g., corporate wellness programs) are provided throughout the chapter.

Larkin, H. (2010). Managing population health. Hospitals & Health Networks, 84(10), 28–32.

This article uses examples from a diabetes pilot program to demonstrate the value of population health management. The author discusses how the application of individual patient interventions can positively affect the entire target population, as well as improve the cost effectiveness of management programs.

Center for Global Development. (n.d.). Case 1: Eradicating smallpox. Retrieved March 5, 2012, from http://www.cgdev.org/doc/millions/MS_case_1.pdf

This reading presents the eradication of smallpox in the form of a case study. Many lessons can be learned from the successful global effort to eliminate smallpox.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/

The Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) is a weekly epidemiological report distributed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to provide, according to the MMWR website, “timely, reliable, authoritative, accurate, objective, and useful public health information and recommendations.” It is one of the most important sources of timely public health data published anywhere.

World Health Organization. (2001). Smallpox. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/topics/smallpox/en/

The World Health Organization provides a succinct overview of the eradication of small pox and its impact on population health.

Note: Explore population health issues presented at the websites below as you prepare for this week’s Discussion and Assignment:

American Public Health Association. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.apha.org/

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/

Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/index_en.htm

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/

Healthy People 2020. (2011). Global health. Retrieved from http://healthypeople.gov/2020/topicsobjectives2020/overview.aspx?topicid=16

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2011). Public health focus. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/PublicHealthFocus/default.htm

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012). Epidemiology and population health: Introduction to epidemiology and population health [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 6 minutes.

In this week’s program, “Introduction to Epidemiology and Population Health,” Dr. Hull and Dr. Frerich introduce foundational concepts related to epidemiology, noting that this scientific arena focuses on the study of human populations rather than individuals.

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012). Epidemiology and population health: Epidemiology in nursing practice [Video file]. Baltimore, MD: Author.

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 4 minutes.

In “Epidemiology in Nursing Practice,” Dr. Rebecca Lee, Dr. Donna Shambley-Ebron, and Dr. Missie Willmarth discuss how epidemiology is utilized in nursing practice and, in particular, why it is salient for DNP-prepared nurses.

Optional Resources

Long, D. A., & Sheehan, P. (2010). A case study of population health improvement at a Midwest regional hospital employer. Population Health Management, 13(3), 163–173.

Oudin, Åström D., Bertfil, F., & Joacim R. (2011). Heat wave impact on morbidity and mortality in the elderly population: A review of recent studies. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 69(2), 99–105.

Excite. (2004). An introduction to epidemiology. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/excite/classroom/intro_epi.htm

 
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Perception Of Gender

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I need this assignment completed by 10/11/17 12:00 pm aka 12 noon New York eastern time. Thank you

Gender, as a term and a social concept, has taken many different forms and meanings over time. Your personal experience and expression of gender may be reflective of your generation and the sociopolitical landscape during the influential development stages of your life.

This assignment will allow you to expand your knowledge base and support your acquisition of various expressions and experiences related to gender.

Select a person from a different generation than yourself. Schedule a thirty-minute interview with that person.

Using the module readings, the Argosy University online library resources, and the Internet, research the evolution of the concept of gender over generations. Select at least two scholarly, peer-reviewed resources for use in this assignment.

During the interview, ask the following questions:

  • What does the term gender mean to you? How does it differ from sex?
  • How has gender played a part in the understanding of your role and responsibilities at home and at work?
  • How was gender conceived of when you were a teenager and what differences do you see in today’s youth regarding gender roles?
  • How was gender discussed in your household when growing up? If you have children, how have you communicated gender to them?
  • In your estimation, what has been the greatest accomplishment for your gender in achieving equality or equal footing regarding career and family advancement?

During your interview, be aware that the person’s responses could be reactions to the advancements of the opposite gender and the impact he or she experienced. An example would be men’s experiences of child rearing as more mothers enter and excel in corporate environments.

Complete the following:

  • Analyze the person’s ability to communicate about gender issues and the role gender has played in his or her life as a member of society.
  • Compare and contrast the person’s views on gender with those of your generation. Explain the reasons for the differences.
  • Integrate the interview responses throughout your narrative as necessary by summarizing them and utilizing quotes.

In your analysis, be sure to integrate ideas and concepts from your independent research as well as the module readings with your findings from the interview.

Write a 3-page paper in Word format. Apply APA standards to the formatting of your paper and the citation of sources. Remember to include a cover page and reference page in APA format. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M1_A3.doc. For example, if your name is John Smith, your document will be named SmithJ_M1_A3.doc.

By the due date assigned, deliver your assignment to the Submissions Area.

 
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300-500 Mental Health Counseling Discussion

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Think through how aspects of human development impact the effectiveness of counseling programs, focusing on how those programs might be adapted for people at particular stages in their lives.

Focus on how work and career development issues impact early adulthood. Consider this aspect of the human development trajectory and specific ways in which it impacts career development and career choices. The articles in this unit address theories in career counseling.

Consider individuals in the early adult phase of development (ages 24–34). In what ways might career planning programs be particularly helpful for this population of adults who find themselves at crossroads in their career decisions?

Imagine that you are in a position to develop a career planning program for young adults (ages 24–34) in your specialization. Create an outline of how you might go about each of the following steps in developing this program, pointing out how your approach would specifically address the needs of those considering a new career or career change:

· Planning the program.

· Organizing the program at the beginning

· Determining the initial requirements to implement the program (people, funds, space, approvals, et cetera).

· Projecting the resources required to administer the program on a daily and weekly basis.

· Evaluating the success of the program, including the kinds of results you would look for to measure its effectiveness.

 
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